Alternative Names: 1J85 (Ni80Mo5, Supermalloy, 79HMA, E11c); 1J50 (50NiFe, Hy-Ra49, Radiometal, 50H Permalloy)
In the realm of soft magnetic materials, Permalloy stands as a cornerstone—renowned for its exceptional magnetic permeability, low coercivity, and versatile performance. Among the most widely specified grades, 1J85 and 1J50 dominate high-precision electronics, industrial automation, and advanced manufacturing. While both belong to the nickel-iron (Ni-Fe) alloy family, they are engineered for distinct use cases: 1J85 excels in ultra-sensitive weak-signal detection and magnetic shielding, while 1J50 delivers high saturation induction for mid-frequency power applications. This guide dives deep into their composition, key properties, real-world applications, and global standards to help you make informed material selections.
一、What Defines 1J85 and 1J50 Permalloy?
Permalloy’s performance is dictated by its nickel content and alloying elements—two factors that set 1J85 and 1J50 apart:
1. 1J85 Permalloy (Ni80Mo5)
- Core Composition: 80% nickel (Ni), 4–5% molybdenum (Mo), balance iron (Fe)
- Signature Trait: Ultra-high initial permeability (μi ≥ 60,000–120,000)—one of the highest among soft magnetic alloys—paired with near-zero magnetostriction and extremely low coercivity (Hc ≤ 0.015 Oe).
- Key Advantage: Exceptional sensitivity to weak magnetic fields, making it ideal for low-signal detection and precision sensing.
- Common Aliases: Supermalloy, 79HMA, E11c, PCS, DIN 1.3912, ASTM A753 Type 3
2. 1J50 Permalloy (50NiFe)
- Core Composition: 49–51% nickel (Ni), balance iron (Fe)
- Signature Trait: High saturation magnetic induction (Bs = 1.55–1.56T)—significantly higher than 1J85—with good mid-frequency permeability (μi ≥ 4,800–6,000) and excellent machinability.
- Key Advantage: Cost-effective performance for high-power, mid-frequency (400Hz–8kHz) applications, balancing magnetic efficiency and manufacturability.
- Common Aliases: 50NiFe, Hy-Ra49, Radiometal, 50H, ASTM A753 Type 1
Both alloys are classified as “soft magnetic materials”—easily magnetized and demagnetized, with minimal hysteresis loss—making them indispensable for magnetic cores, shielding, and sensors.
二、Critical Property Comparison: 1J85 vs. 1J50
To choose the right grade, understanding their performance tradeoffs is essential. Below is a side-by-side comparison of core magnetic and physical properties:
| Property | 1J85 Permalloy | 1J50 Permalloy |
| Initial Permeability (μi) | ≥ 60,000–120,000 | ≥ 4,800–6,000 |
| Maximum Permeability (μm) | ≥ 150,000–300,000 | ≥ 40,000–60,000 |
| Saturation Induction (Bs) | 0.7–0.8T | 1.55–1.56T |
| Coercivity (Hc) | ≤ 0.008–0.015 Oe | ≤ 0.08–0.10 Oe |
| Curie Temperature | 400–410°C | ~500°C |
| Magnetostriction | Near zero | Moderate |
| Frequency Range | DC–1MHz (weak signals) | 400Hz–8kHz (mid-high frequency) |
| Density | 8.7g/cm³ | 8.2g/cm³ |
| Machinability | Good (with precision tools) | Excellent (mass-production friendly) |
三、Where 1J85 & 1J50 Permalloy Excel: Key Applications
Their unique properties make 1J85 and 1J50 irreplaceable in diverse high-tech sectors. Here’s how they’re applied in real-world scenarios:
1. 1J85 Permalloy: Ultra-Sensitivity & Shielding
- Precision Sensors: Fluxgate sensors, magnetic encoders, current transformers (CTs) for weak-signal detection (e.g., medical imaging, aerospace navigation).
- Magnetic Shielding: MRI machines, quantum computing equipment, aerospace avionics, and high-end electronics (blocks stray magnetic fields to protect sensitive components).
- High-End Electronics: Low-noise input/output transformers, microwave components, and communication devices (minimizes signal interference).
- Aerospace & Defense: Gyroscope cores, military communication systems, and satellite navigation tools (stable performance in extreme environments).
2. 1J50 Permalloy: High-Saturation & Power Efficiency
- Power Electronics: Mid-frequency transformers (400Hz–8kHz), switching power supplies (SPS), PV inverters, and EV on-board chargers (smaller cores due to high Bs).
- Industrial Automation: Relays, contactors, magnetic amplifiers, and motor control units (reliable performance in high-power circuits).
- Consumer Electronics: Audio transformers, magnetic heads, and home appliance sensors (cost-effective for mass production).
- Automotive: Battery management system (BMS) sensors, EV ignition systems, and powertrain components (IATF 16949 compliant grades available).
四、Global Standards & Equivalent Grades
For cross-border procurement and engineering compliance, understanding international standards is critical:
| Grade | Chinese Standard | International Equivalents | Certifications |
| 1J85 | GB/T 15018 | Ni80Mo5, Supermalloy, ASTM A753 Type 3, DIN 1.3912 | NADCAP, ISO 9001, RoHS |
| 1J50 | GB/T 15018 | 50NiFe, ASTM A753 Type 1, Hy-Ra49, Radiometal | IATF 16949 (automotive), ISO 9001 |
Compliance with these standards ensures material consistency, performance reliability, and compatibility with global supply chains.
五、Market Trends Driving 1J85 & 1J50 Demand (2026–2030)
The global Permalloy market is projected to reach $1.2 billion by 2030 (CAGR 8.5%), fueled by three key trends:
- EV & Renewable Energy Boom: 1J50 is in high demand for EV on-board chargers, PV inverters, and wind turbine power electronics—driven by the global shift to clean energy.
- Precision Electronics Growth: 1J85 benefits from the expansion of quantum computing, medical imaging (MRI/CT), and 5G communication—where weak-signal detection and magnetic shielding are critical.
- Miniaturization & Efficiency: Both grades are being optimized for thinner foils (down to 1μm) and high-frequency performance, enabling smaller, more efficient devices in consumer and industrial sectors.
Key suppliers include Japan JFE, Germany VDM, France Aperam, and Chinese manufacturers (e.g., Advanced Technology & Materials Co., Ltd.)—with China expanding production to meet growing global demand.
六、How to Choose Between 1J85 & 1J50?
- Choose 1J85 if: You need ultra-high permeability, weak-signal sensitivity, or magnetic shielding (e.g., sensors, MRI machines, aerospace avionics).
- Choose 1J50 if: You prioritize high saturation induction, mid-frequency efficiency, or cost-effective mass production (e.g., power transformers, EV components, industrial relays).
For hybrid requirements, custom alloy modifications (e.g., adding copper or chromium) are available to balance permeability, saturation, and machinability.
Conclusion
1J85 and 1J50 Permalloy are the unsung heroes of modern engineering—enabling precision in sensors, efficiency in power systems, and reliability in critical applications. Whether you’re designing a quantum computer’s magnetic shield (1J85) or an EV’s on-board charger (1J50), these alloys deliver the performance, consistency, and compliance required for global markets.
As a trusted supplier of 1J85/1J50 Permalloy in strips, foils, bars, and custom cores, we specialize in composition control, precision annealing, and application-specific engineering. Contact us today for technical data sheets (TDS), free samples, or custom solutions tailored to your project’s needs.
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