Also known as: 1J85 (Ni80Mo5, 79HMA, E11c, PCS, Supermalloy); 1J50 (50NiFe, Hy-Ra49, Radiometal, 50H Permalloy)
Introduction
Permalloy (nickel-iron soft magnetic alloys) are foundational materials in modern electronics, power systems, and precision engineering. Among them, 1J85 and 1J50 stand out as two of the most widely used grades—each optimized for distinct performance needs: 1J85 for ultra-high permeability and weak-signal sensitivity, 1J50 for high saturation induction and cost-effective high-frequency performance. This article breaks down their composition, properties, applications, standards, and market trends to help engineers and buyers select the right alloy for their projects.
1. What Are 1J85 and 1J50 Permalloy?
1J85 Permalloy (Ni80Mo5)
- Composition: ~80% Ni, ~4–5% Mo, balance Fe (Ni80Mo5)
- Discovery: Invented at Bell Labs (1914) for ultra-high magnetic permeability
- Core Trait: Ultra-high initial permeability (μi > 100,000), near-zero magnetostriction, low coercivity
- Nicknames: Supermalloy, 79HMA, E11c, PCS, 1.3912 (DIN)
1J50 Permalloy (50NiFe)
- Composition: ~49–51% Ni, balance Fe (50NiFe)
- Core Trait: High saturation magnetic induction (Bs ≈ 1.55–1.56T), good mid-frequency permeability, excellent machinability
- Nicknames: 50H, Hy-Ra49, Radiometal, AnhysterD, PB-2S
Both are soft magnetic alloys—easy to magnetize/demagnetize, low hysteresis loss, ideal for magnetic cores, shielding, and sensors.
2. Key Properties Comparison (1J85 vs 1J50)
Magnetic Performance (Critical for Selection)
表格
| Property | 1J85 Permalloy | 1J50 Permalloy |
|---|---|---|
| Initial Permeability (μi) | ≥ 60,000–120,000 | ≥ 4,800–6,000 |
| Max Permeability (μm) | ≥ 150,000–300,000 | ≥ 40,000–60,000 |
| Saturation Induction (Bs) | 0.7–0.8T | 1.55–1.56T |
| Coercivity (Hc) | ≤ 0.008–0.015 Oe | ≤ 0.08–0.10 Oe |
| Curie Temperature | ~400–410°C | ~500°C |
| Magnetostriction | Near zero | Moderate |
| Frequency Range | DC–1MHz (weak signals) | 400Hz–8kHz (mid-high frequency) |
Physical & Mechanical Properties
- 1J85: Density ≈ 8.7g/cm³; high ductility (rolled to 1μm foils); sensitive to stress (requires stress-relief annealing)
- 1J50: Density ≈ 8.2g/cm³; excellent formability; lower cost than 1J85; good DC bias stability
Processing Notes
- Both require controlled annealing (hydrogen atmosphere, slow cooling) to unlock peak magnetic performance
- 1J85 needs ultra-clean processing to preserve ultra-high permeability; 1J50 is more forgiving for mass production
3. Primary Applications (Where 1J85 & 1J50 Excel)
1J85 Permalloy: Ultra-Sensitive & Shielding Focus
- Precision Sensors & Instrumentation: Current transformers, fluxgate sensors, magnetic encoders, medical imaging detectors (weak-signal detection)
- Magnetic Shielding: Shielding for MRI machines, quantum computers, aerospace avionics, and high-end electronics (blocks stray magnetic fields)
- High-End Transformers/Inductors: Low-signal input/output transformers, high-frequency common-mode chokes, microwave components
- Aerospace & Defense: Gyroscope cores, navigation systems, military communication equipment (extreme environment stability)
1J50 Permalloy: High-Saturation & Mid-Frequency Focus
- Power Electronics: 400–8000Hz transformers (≤100W), switching power supplies, PV inverters, EV chargers (high Bs = smaller cores)
- Industrial Automation: Relays, contactors, magnetic amplifiers, motor control components
- Consumer Electronics: Audio transformers, magnetic heads, sensors for home appliances
- Automotive: EV on-board chargers, battery management sensors, ignition systems
Overlap Applications
- Magnetic Cores: Both used in inductors, filters, and transformers (1J85 for low-power/high-sensitivity; 1J50 for high-power/cost balance)
- Precision Components: Both used in aerospace, medical, and industrial instrumentation
4. Global Standards & Equivalent Grades
1J85 Equivalents
- China: 1J85 (GB/T 15018)
- International: Ni80Mo5, Supermalloy, 79HMA, E11c, PCS, 1.3912 (DIN), ASTM A753 Type 3
- Certifications: NADCAP (aerospace), ISO 9001, RoHS compliant
1J50 Equivalents
- China: 1J50 (GB/T 15018)
- International: 50NiFe, Hy-Ra49, Radiometal, 50H, ASTM A753 Type 1
- Certifications: Same as above, plus IATF 16949 (automotive)
5. Market Trends & Industry Drivers (2026)
- Global Demand Surge: Permalloy market to reach $1.2B by 2030 (CAGR 8.5%), driven by EVs, 5G, renewable energy, and medical tech
- 1J85 Growth: Boosted by quantum computing, MRI, and aerospace magnetic shielding (high-margin, low-volume)
- 1J50 Growth: Dominated by EV power electronics, PV inverters, and industrial automation (high-volume, cost-sensitive)
- Key Trends:
- High-Frequency Optimization: 1J85 for ≤1MHz low-loss; 1J50 for 400Hz–8kHz efficiency
- Thin-Film & Microfabrication: 1μm foils for miniaturized electronics and wearables
- Supply Chain Localization: China expanding 1J85/1J50 production to reduce reliance on imports (Japan JFE, Germany VDM, France Aperam)
6. How to Choose: 1J85 vs 1J50
-
Choose 1J85 if you need:
- Ultra-high sensitivity for weak magnetic signals
- Near-zero magnetostriction (no vibration-induced signal drift)
- Superior magnetic shielding (critical for precision electronics)
- Low coercivity and minimal hysteresis loss
-
Choose 1J50 if you need:
- High saturation induction (smaller, lighter magnetic cores)
- Cost-effective mid-frequency performance (400Hz–8kHz)
- Good machinability and formability for mass production
- Stable DC bias performance (e.g., power transformers)
Conclusion
1J85 and 1J50 Permalloy are irreplaceable in modern precision engineering: 1J85 sets the standard for ultra-high permeability and weak-signal sensitivity, while 1J50 delivers unbeatable value for high-saturation, mid-frequency power applications. As demand for smaller, more efficient, and more sensitive electronics grows, these alloys will remain the first choice for engineers in aerospace, automotive, medical, and industrial sectors.
For custom 1J85/1J50 strips, foils, bars, or finished cores—partner with a supplier that masters composition control, precision annealing, and application-specific engineering to maximize performance and reliability.
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